NAD+ stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It’s not a peptide, but a naturally occurring molecule that plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including energy production, metabolism, and DNA repair. Without NAD+, our cells cannot function optimally.
How does the body produce NAD+?
According to research, five building blocks contribute to NAD+ production: Tryptophan, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), and Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Once initiated, NAD+ is involved in over 500 enzymatic reactions essential for metabolism and cellular health.
NAD+ as a coenzyme
NAD+ functions as a coenzyme supporting three important enzyme groups:
Sirtuins (SIRTs): Associated with mitochondrial health, stem cell regeneration, aging processes, and protection against neurodegeneration.
PARP enzymes: Key role in DNA repair, maintaining genome stability, and responses to oxidative stress.
cADPRS (CD38/CD157): Involved in immune functions, stem cell regeneration, and cell cycle regulation.
NAD+ and Healthy Aging
In a long-term study, aging mice exposed to NMN for 12 months showed less weight gain, improved energy metabolism, higher physical activity, and improved lipid and fat profiles.
NAD+ and Neurodegenerative Processes
In studies with older mice administered NMN for 3 to 12 months, mitochondrial respiration in nerve and brain cells improved and oxygen consumption was normalized.
NAD+ and DNA Repair
After 72 hours, researchers reported improved DNA repair activity (BER mechanism), higher cell viability, and less oxidative DNA damage. Replenishing NAD+ could potentially help restore cellular balance.
